A2B receptor

Target id: 20

Nomenclature: A2B receptor

Family: Adenosine receptors

Annotation status:  image of a green circle Annotated and expert reviewed. Please contact us if you can help with updates.  » Email us

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Contents:

Gene and Protein Information
class A G protein-coupled receptor
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 7 332 17p12-p11.2 ADORA2B adenosine A2b receptor 58
Mouse 7 332 11 B2 Adora2b adenosine A2b receptor 48
Rat 7 332 10q23 Adora2b adenosine A2B receptor 64
Previous and Unofficial Names
adenosine receptor A2b | A2b | A2BR
Database Links
Specialist databases
GPCRDB aa2br_human (Hs), aa2br_mouse (Mm), aa2br_rat (Rn)
Other databases
ChEMBL Target 278 (Hs), 11831 (Mm), 12854 (Rn)
DrugBank Target P29275 (Hs)
Ensembl Gene ENSG00000170425 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000018500 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000002922 (Rn)
Entrez Gene 136 (Hs), 11541 (Mm), 29316 (Rn)
GenitoUrinary Development Molecular Anatomy Project Adora2b (Mm)
Human Protein Atlas ENSG00000170425 (Hs)
KEGG Gene hsa:136 (Hs), mmu:11541 (Mm), rno:29316 (Rn)
OMIM 600446 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide NM_000676 (Hs), NM_007413 (Mm), NM_017161 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein NP_000667 (Hs), NP_031439 (Mm), NP_058857 (Rn)
UniProtKB P29275 (Hs), Q60614 (Mm), P29276 (Rn)
Wikipedia ADORA2B (Hs)
Natural/Endogenous Ligands
adenosine

Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file

Agonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Affinity Units Reference
BAY 60-6583 Hs Agonist 8.0 – 8.5 pKi 20
pKi 8.0 – 8.5 (Ki 1x10-8 – 3x10-9 M) [20]
2-hexynyl-NECA Hs Full agonist 6.6 pKi 68
pKi 6.6 [68]
BAY 60-6583 Mm Agonist 6.5 pKi 44
pKi 6.5 (Ki 3.3x10-7 M) [44]
NECA Hs Full agonist 5.7 – 6.9 pKi 6,9,33,46,65,68,75
pKi 5.7 – 6.9 [6,9,33,46,65,68,75]
NECA Mm Agonist 5.7 pKi 47
pKi 5.7 (Ki 1.9x10-6 M) [47]
adenosine Rn Agonist 5.3 pKi 75
pKi 5.3 (Ki 5.1x10-6 M) [75]
CGS 21680 Rn Agonist <5.0 pKi 45
pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [45]
Cl-IB-MECA Hs Agonist <5.0 pKi 45
pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [45]
Cl-IB-MECA Mm Agonist <5.0 pKi 45
pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [45]
TCPA Hs Agonist <5.0 pKi 7
pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [7]
regadenoson Hs Agonist <5.0 pKi 32
pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [32]
MRS3558 Hs Agonist <5.0 pKi 32
pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [32]
adenosine Hs Agonist 4.8 pKi 26-27,75
pKi 4.8 (Ki 1.5x10-5 M) [26-27,75]
2-chloroadenosine Hs Full agonist 4.6 – 5.0 pKi 6,11,46
pKi 4.6 – 5.0 [6,11,46]
(R)-PIA Mm Agonist 4.7 pKi 10
pKi 4.7 (Ki 1.9x10-5 M) [10]
(S)-PIA Hs Full agonist 4.2 – 5.2 pKi 46,68
pKi 4.2 – 5.2 [46,68]
AB-NECA Hs Full agonist 4.7 pKi 46
pKi 4.7 [46]
(R)-PIA Hs Full agonist 3.8 – 5.5 pKi 6,11,33,46,68
pKi 3.8 – 5.5 [6,11,33,46,68]
piclidenoson Hs Full agonist 4.3 – 4.9 pKi 32,46
pKi 4.3 – 4.9 [32,46]
cyclopentyladenosine Hs Full agonist 4.5 – 4.7 pKi 32,46
pKi 4.5 – 4.7 [32,46]
CCPA Hs Full agonist 4.4 – 4.7 pKi 32,46
pKi 4.4 – 4.7 [32,46]
HEMADO Hs Agonist <4.5 pKi 43,72
pKi <4.5 (Ki >3x10-5 M) [43,72]
GS9667 Hs Agonist <4.3 pKi 22
pKi <4.3 (Ki >5x10-5 M) [22]
CGS 21680 Hs Full agonist 3.4 – 5.0 pKi 6,32,46
pKi 3.4 – 5.0 [6,32,46]
N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine Hs Agonist 3.8 pKi 11
pKi 3.8 (Ki 1.6x10-4 M) [11]
binodenoson Hs Agonist 3.4 pKi 32
pKi 3.4 (Ki 4.3x10-4 M) [32]
View species-specific agonist tables
Antagonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Affinity Units Reference
xanthine amine congener Hs Antagonist 7.9 pA2 2
pA2 7.9 [2]
CGS 15943 Hs Antagonist 7.8 pA2 2
pA2 7.8 [2]
[3H]MRS1754 Hs Antagonist 9.8 pKd 33
pKd 9.8 (Kd 1.58x10-10 M) [33]
[3H]OSIP339391 Hs Antagonist 9.8 pKd 65
pKd 9.8 [65]
[3H]PSB603 Mm Antagonist 9.5 pKd 8
pKd 9.5 [8]
PSB603 Mm Antagonist 9.4 pKd 8
pKd 9.4 (Kd 3.51x10-10 M) [8]
[3H]PSB603 Hs Antagonist 9.4 pKd 8
pKd 9.4 [8]
PSB603 Hs Antagonist 9.4 pKd 8
pKd 9.4 (Kd 4.03x10-10 M) [8]
[3H]DPCPX Hs Antagonist 7.4 pKd 65
pKd 7.4 [65]
[125I]ABOPX Hs Antagonist 7.4 pKd 46
pKd 7.4 [46]
[3H]ZM 241385 Hs Antagonist 6.5 – 7.9 pKd 24,34,65
pKd 6.5 – 7.9 [24,34,65]
PSB-0788 Hs Antagonist 9.4 pKi 8
pKi 9.4 [8]
OSIP339391 Hs Antagonist 9.3 pKi 65
pKi 9.3 [65]
PSB603 Hs Antagonist 9.3 pKi 8
pKi 9.3 (Ki 5.53x10-10 M) [8]
MRS1706 ? Antagonist 8.9 pKi 41
pKi 8.9 [41]
MRS1754 Hs Antagonist 8.8 pKi 33,41
pKi 8.8 (Ki 1.58x10-9 M) [33,41]
ATL802 Hs Antagonist 8.6 pKi 41
pKi 8.6 (Ki 2.36x10-9 M) [41]
MRS1754 Mm Antagonist 8.5 pKi 3
pKi 8.5 (Ki 3.39x10-9 M) [3]
AS99 Hs Antagonist 8.4 pKi 68
pKi 8.4 [68]
AS101 Hs Antagonist 8.4 pKi 68
pKi 8.4 [68]
MRE 2029F20 Hs Antagonist 8.3 – 8.5 pKi 4,68
pKi 8.3 – 8.5 [4,68]
AS100 Hs Antagonist 8.2 pKi 68
pKi 8.2 [68]
AS70 Hs Antagonist 8.1 pKi 68
pKi 8.1 [68]
ATL802 Mm Antagonist 8.1 pKi 41
pKi 8.1 (Ki 8.58x10-9 M) [41]
CGS 15943 Mm Antagonist 8.0 pKi 3
pKi 8.0 (Ki 9.07x10-9 M) [3]
AS96 Hs Antagonist 8.0 pKi 68
pKi 8.0 [68]
DEPX Hs Antagonist 7.9 pKi 46
pKi 7.9 [46]
xanthine amine congener Hs Antagonist 6.9 – 8.8 pKi 6,33-34,42,46,65
pKi 6.9 – 8.8 [6,33-34,42,46,65]
MRS1754 Rn Antagonist 7.8 – 7.9 pKi 25,41
pKi 7.8 – 7.9 (Ki 1.66x10-8 – 1.28x10-8 M) [25,41]
AS94 Hs Antagonist 7.8 pKi 68
pKi 7.8 [68]
LAS38096 Hs Antagonist 7.8 pKi 18,70
pKi 7.8 (Ki 1.7x10-8 M) [18,70]
AS16 Hs Antagonist 7.7 pKi 68
pKi 7.7 [68]
AS95 Hs Antagonist 7.7 pKi 68
pKi 7.7 [68]
CVT-6883 Hs Antagonist 7.7 pKi 21
pKi 7.7 (Ki 2.2x10-8 M) [21]
AS74 Hs Antagonist 7.6 pKi 68
pKi 7.6 [68]
ZM-241385 Hs Antagonist 6.8 – 8.2 pKi 6,33,46,65
pKi 6.8 – 8.2 [6,33,46,65]
I-ABOPX Hs Antagonist 7.4 pKi 46
pKi 7.4 [46]
CPX Hs Antagonist 7.3 pKi 33,46
pKi 7.3 [33,46]
BW-A1433 Hs Antagonist 7.3 pKi 46
pKi 7.3 [46]
XCC Hs Antagonist 7.3 pKi 33
pKi 7.3 [33]
PSB1115 Hs Antagonist 7.3 pKi 30
pKi 7.3 (Ki 5.34x10-8 M) [30]
vipadenant Hs Antagonist 7.2 pKi 29
pKi 7.2 (Ki 6.3x10-8 M) [29]
DPCPX Hs Antagonist 6.9 – 7.3 pKi 40,56,65,73
pKi 6.9 – 7.3 [40,56,65,73]
DPCPX Mm Antagonist 7.1 pKi 3
pKi 7.1 (Ki 8.62x10-8 M) [3]
CGS 15943 Hs Antagonist 6.0 – 8.1 pKi 3,33-34,42,57,65
pKi 6.0 – 8.1 [3,33-34,42,57,65]
tonapofylline Hs Antagonist 7.1 pKi 38
pKi 7.1 (Ki 9x10-8 M) [38]
PSB36 Hs Antagonist 6.7 pKi 39
pKi 6.7 (Ki 1.87x10-7 M) [39]
DPCPX Rn Antagonist 6.7 – 6.7 pKi 25,40
pKi 6.7 – 6.7 (Ki 2x10-7 – 1.86x10-7 M) [25,40]
rolofylline Hs Antagonist 6.5 pKi 38
pKi 6.5 (Ki 2.96x10-7 M) [38]
LUF5981 Hs Antagonist <6.5 pKi 36
pKi <6.5 (Ki >3x10-7 M) [36]
MRS1220 Hs Antagonist 6.5 pKi 65
pKi 6.5 [65]
ST-1535 Hs Antagonist 6.4 pKi 50
pKi 6.4 (Ki 3.523x10-7 M) [50]
DAX Hs Antagonist 6.4 pKi 33
pKi 6.4 [33]
3-isobutyl-8-pyrrolidinoxanthine Hs Antagonist 6.3 pKi 24
pKi 6.3 [24]
derenofylline Rn Antagonist 6.3 pKi 35
pKi 6.3 (Ki 5.01x10-7 M) [35]
SCH 58261 Hs Antagonist 6.0 – 6.5 pKi 6,32
pKi 6.0 – 6.5 [6,32]
KF26777 Hs Antagonist 6.2 pKi 59
pKi 6.2 (Ki 6.2x10-7 M) [59]
FK-453 Hs Antagonist 6.0 pKi 32
pKi 6.0 (Ki 9.8x10-7 M) [32]
alloxazine Hs Antagonist 5.7 – 6.3 pKi 33-34
pKi 5.7 – 6.3 [33-34]
preladenant Hs Antagonist <6.0 pKi 52
pKi <6.0 (Ki >1x10-6 M) [52]
MRE 3008F20 Hs Antagonist 5.7 – 5.8 pKi 32,68-69
pKi 5.7 – 5.8 [32,68-69]
PSB-10 Mm Antagonist 5.7 pKi 53
pKi 5.7 (Ki 2.1x10-6 M) [53]
PSB-11 Mm Antagonist 5.7 pKi 53
pKi 5.7 (Ki 2.1x10-6 M) [53]
derenofylline Hs Antagonist 5.4 pKi 35
pKi 5.4 (Ki 3.981x10-6 M) [35]
pentoxifylline Hs Antagonist 5.3 pKi 40
pKi 5.3 (Ki 5.18x10-6 M) [40]
MSX-2 Hs Antagonist 5.0 – 5.5 pKi 61,63
pKi 5.0 – 5.5 (Ki 1x10-5 – 2.9x10-6 M) [61,63]
theophylline Mm Antagonist 5.3 pKi 3
pKi 5.3 (Ki 5.63x10-6 M) [3]
CSC Rn Antagonist 5.1 pKi 14
pKi 5.1 (Ki 8.2x10-6 M) [14]
MRS1191 Hs Antagonist <5.0 pKi 45
pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [45]
MRS1523 Hs Antagonist <5.0 pKi 45
pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [45]
MRS1523 Mm Antagonist <5.0 pKi 45
pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [45]
SCH442416 Hs Antagonist <5.0 pKi 32
pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [32]
istradefylline Hs Antagonist <5.0 pKi 28
pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [28]
caffeine Mm Antagonist 4.9 pKi 10
pKi 4.9 (Ki 1.3x10-5 M) [10]
caffeine Hs Antagonist 4.5 – 5.0 pKi 5,8,40
pKi 4.5 – 5.0 (Ki 3.38x10-5 – 1.04x10-5 M) [5,8,40]
theophylline Hs Antagonist 4.1 – 5.0 pKi 5,24,40,68
pKi 4.1 – 5.0 (Ki 7.4x10-5 – 9.07x10-6 M) [5,24,40,68]
caffeine Rn Antagonist 4.5 pKi 10
pKi 4.5 (Ki 3x10-5 M) [10]
View species-specific antagonist tables
Antagonist Comments
pKi values for istradefylline relating to human targets are derived from unpublished data (Müller et al).
Primary Transduction Mechanisms
Transducer Effector/Response
Gs family Adenylate cyclase stimulation
References:  23,46
Secondary Transduction Mechanisms
Transducer Effector/Response
Gq/G11 family Phospholipase C stimulation
References:  23,46
Tissue Distribution
Jejunum, ileum, colon.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  13
Bronchial smooth muscle cells.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  77
Low levels found in the brain, heart, kidney and lung.
Species:  Human
Technique:  Northern blotting.
References:  60
Large intestine, cecum, urinary bladder.
Species:  Human
Technique:  Northern blotting.
References:  64
Type II epithelial cells
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  Reporter gene
References:  12
Bone marrow-derived mast cells.
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  in situ hybridisation.
References:  48
Kidney: cortical tubular structures.
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  RNAse protection and RT-PCR.
References:  71
Hypophyseal pars tuberalis.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridisation.
References:  64
Kidney: cortical tubular structures.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  RNAse protection and RT-PCR.
References:  71
Expression Datasets

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Log average relative transcript abundance in mouse tissues measured by qPCR from Regard, J.B., Sato, I.T., and Coughlin, S.R. (2008). Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. Cell, 135(3): 561-71. [PMID:18984166] [Raw data: website]

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Functional Assays
Measurement of cAMP levels in HEK 293 cells transfected with the human A2B receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  HEK 293 cells.
Response measured:  Stimulation of cAMP accumulation.
References:  46
Measurement of IP3 levels in HEK 293 cells transfected with the human A2B receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  HEK 293 cells.
Response measured:  PTX-insensitive increase in IP3 levels.
References:  46
Measurement of cAMP levels in COS-6M cells transfected with the rat A2B receptor.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  COS-6M cells.
Response measured:  Stimulation of cAMP accumulation.
References:  64
Measurement of cAMP levels in CHO cells transfected with the human A2B receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  CHO cells.
Response measured:  Stimulation of cAMP accumulation.
References:  9,58
Measurement of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in CHO cells transfected with the human A1 receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  CHO cells.
Response measured:  Phosphorylation of ERK1/2.
References:  62
Measurement of IL-6 and MCP-1 expression in human bronchial smooth muscle cells endogenously expressing the A2B receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Bronchial smooth muscle cells.
Response measured:  IL-6 and MCP-1 production via cAMP accumulation.
References:  77
Measurement of Il-8 production by the HMC-1 mast cell line endogenously expressing the A2B receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  HMC-1 mast cell line.
Response measured:  Il-8 production.
References:  23,49
Measurement of NF-κB activity in CHO cells transfected with the human A2B receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  CHO cells.
Response measured:  Inhibition of NF-κB activity via cAMP.
References: 
Measurement of IL-6 and IL-8 release
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Airway epithelial cells
Response measured:  Polarized release of IL-6 and IL-8 by ELISA
References:  66
Measurement of tube formation and VEGF transcription
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Microvascular endothelial cells
Response measured:  Tube formation and VEGF transcription by tube formation assay and PCR
References:  16
Physiological Functions
Vasodilation.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Small coronary arteries.
References:  37
Vasoconstriction.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Chorionic vessels.
References:  15
Inhibition of macrophage proliferation.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Bone marrow-derived macrophages.
References:  74
Cytokine production.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Macrophages.
References:  55
Cytokine production.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Bronchial smooth muscle cells.
References:  77
Inhibition of cell proliferation.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Glomerular mesangial cells.
References:  17
Inhibition of cell proliferation.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Glomerular mesangial cells.
References:  17
Coronary vasodilation.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Heart.
References:  31
Regulation of cerebral blood flow (vasodilation).
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Cerebral cortex.
References:  54
Regulation of coronary flow.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Heart.
References:  67
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression
A2B receptor knock-out mice show increased leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and increased inflammation.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  76
A2B receptor KO mice show increased vascular leakiness.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  19
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models Mouse data from MGI

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Allele Composition & genetic background Accession Phenotype Id Phenotype Reference
Adora2btm1Till Adora2btm1Till/Adora2btm1Till
B6.129P2-Adora2b		 MGI:99403  MP:0009858 abnormal cellular extravasation PMID: 17200408 
Adora2btm1Kra Adora2btm1Kra/Adora2btm1Kra
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6J		 MGI:99403  MP:0008713 abnormal cytokine level PMID: 16823489 
Adora2btm1Dgen Adora2btm1Dgen/Adora2btm1Dgen
B6.129P2-Adora2b		 MGI:99403  MP:0002376 abnormal dendritic cell physiology PMID: 18559975 
Adora2btm1Kra Adora2btm1Kra/Adora2btm1Kra
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6J		 MGI:99403  MP:0001845 abnormal inflammatory response PMID: 16823489 
Adora2btm1Kra Adora2btm1Kra/Adora2btm1Kra
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6J		 MGI:99403  MP:0008751 abnormal interleukin level PMID: 16823489 
Adora2btm1Kra Adora2btm1Kra/Adora2btm1Kra
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6J		 MGI:99403  MP:0003628 abnormal leukocyte adhesion PMID: 16823489 
Adora2btm1Kra Adora2btm1Kra/Adora2btm1Kra
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6J		 MGI:99403  MP:0003156 abnormal leukocyte migration PMID: 16823489 
Adora2btm1Kra Adora2btm1Kra/Adora2btm1Kra
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6J		 MGI:99403  MP:0003627 abnormal leukocyte tethering or rolling PMID: 16823489 
Adora2btm1Dgen Adora2btm1Dgen/Adora2btm1Dgen
B6.129P2-Adora2b		 MGI:99403  MP:0001379 abnormal penile erection function PMID: 18340377 
Adora2btm1Dgen Adora2btm1Dgen/Adora2btm1Dgen
B6.129P2-Adora2b		 MGI:99403  MP:0005164 abnormal response to injury PMID: 18056839 
Adora2btm1Kra Adora2btm1Kra/Adora2btm1Kra
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6J		 MGI:99403  MP:0008752 abnormal tumor necrosis factor level PMID: 16823489 
Adora2btm1Dgen Adora2btm1Dgen/Adora2btm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd		 MGI:99403  MP:0000343 altered response to myocardial infarction PMID: 17353435 
Adora2btm1Till Adora2btm1Till/Adora2btm1Till
B6.129P2-Adora2b		 MGI:99403  MP:0005534 decreased body temperature PMID: 17200408 
Adora2btm1Kra Adora2btm1Kra/Adora2btm1Kra
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6J		 MGI:99403  MP:0008661 decreased interleukin-10 secretion PMID: 16823489 
Adora2btm1Dgen Adora2btm1Dgen/Adora2btm1Dgen
B6.129P2-Adora2b		 MGI:99403  MP:0008661 decreased interleukin-10 secretion PMID: 17525287 
Adora2btm1Till Adora2btm1Till/Adora2btm1Till
B6.129P2-Adora2b		 MGI:99403  MP:0008874 decreased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic PMID: 17200408 
Adora2btm1Kra Adora2btm1Kra/Adora2btm1Kra
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6J		 MGI:99403  MP:0008596 increased circulating interleukin-6 level PMID: 16823489 
Adora2btm1Till Adora2btm1Till/Adora2btm1Till
B6.129P2-Adora2b		 MGI:99403  MP:0008705 increased interleukin-6 secretion PMID: 17200408 
Adora2btm1Till Adora2btm1Till/Adora2btm1Till
B6.129P2-Adora2b		 MGI:99403  MP:0009763 increased sensitivity to induced morbidity/mortality PMID: 17200408 
Adora2btm1Till Adora2btm1Till/Adora2btm1Till
B6.129P2-Adora2b		 MGI:99403  MP:0005596 increased susceptibility to type I hypersensitivity reaction PMID: 17200408 
Adora2btm1Dgen Adora2btm1Dgen/Adora2btm1Dgen
B6.129P2-Adora2b		 MGI:99403  MP:0003070 increased vascular permeability PMID: 18056839 
General Comments
For a review of the effects of adenosine receptor knockout on nervous system function see reference [27].

References

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1. Adams JL, Smothers J, Srinivasan R, Hoos A. (2015) Big opportunities for small molecules in immuno-oncology. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 14 (9): 603-22. [PMID:26228631]

2. Alexander SP, Cooper J, Shine J, Hill SJ. (1996) Characterization of the human brain putative A2B adenosine receptor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO.A2B4) cells. Br. J. Pharmacol., 119 (6): 1286-90. [PMID:8937736]

3. Auchampach JA, Kreckler LM, Wan TC, Maas JE, van der Hoeven D, Gizewski E, Narayanan J, Maas GE. (2009) Characterization of the A2B adenosine receptor from mouse, rabbit, and dog. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 329 (1): 2-13. [PMID:19141710]

4. Baraldi PG, Tabrizi MA, Preti D, Bovero A, Romagnoli R, Fruttarolo F, Zaid NA, Moorman AR, Varani K, Gessi S et al.. (2004) Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 8-heterocyclic xanthine derivatives as highly potent and selective human A2B adenosine receptor antagonists. J. Med. Chem., 47 (6): 1434-47. [PMID:14998332]

5. Bertarelli DC, Diekmann M, Hayallah AM, Rüsing D, Iqbal J, Preiss B, Verspohl EJ, Müller CE. (2006) Characterization of human and rodent native and recombinant adenosine A(2B) receptors by radioligand binding studies. Purinergic Signal., 2 (3): 559-71. [PMID:18404493]

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